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The CompTIA glossary

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Cloud Computing56

Database53

General1

Parameterized query

Hardware814

+5VSB 10,000 RPM 100BASE-TX 10BASE-T 12V 12VHPWR 15,000 RPM 16x 2.5-inch 24-pin connector 24x 256-QAM 3-pin 3.3V 32-bit 4-pin 4/8-pin 12 V connector 5,400 RPM 5V 5V logic 6-pin PCIe 64-bit 7,200 RPM 75-ohm terminators 8-pin PCIe 80 PLUS Bronze 80 PLUS Gold 80 PLUS Platinum 80 PLUS Silver 80 PLUS Titanium AC AC adapter AC power AC signals accelerometers access point Accessory connection active stylus ADF AGP airflow AirPrint Alt Mode AM4 AM5 AMD-V analog television signal analog voice signals analog-to-digital converter Angle of Arrival antenna performance Apple Pay ARM asset tag Asymmetric DSL atomic clock attenuation ATX ATX12V 2.0 audio jack backlight backplane backward compatibility banding Barracuda Email Security Gateway base station Battery Efficiency battery-backed cache BBU BD-R BD-RE beep codes BIOS BIOS update BIOS/UEFI black mark sensor BLE Blower fan Blu-ray Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.0 Bluetooth 5.2 Bluetooth codecs Bluetooth LE Audio Bluetooth profiles Bluetooth Tethering BNC bonded display boot order BPSK bridged taps broadcast television buffer BYOD C rating cable modem cable nodes cable stripper cable television cable tester cache capacitive sensor capacitive stylus capacitive touch screen capture cards capture devices carriage CAS latency case fan Cat5e Category 6a Category 7 Category 8 CCD CCFL CD CD-R CD-RW CEC cell tower Cell Tower Triangulation Cellular Data cellular radios channel configurations channel width Charge Cycle Charging chip revision chipset Cisco Meraki MX CMOS battery CMOS jumper CMTS coax coaxial cable color gamut COM port communication infrastructure compressed air CompTIA A+console connections console port Contactless Payments controller cache COPE Copper cabling copper telephone lines coulomb counting CPE CPU CPU architecture crimper CRT monitor CSM cutter area DAC daisy-chaining data bus width data rate Data transfer daughterboard DB25 DB9 DC DC power DC voltage DDR DDR generations DDR2 DDR3 DDR4 DDR5 degraded array Demarc demarcation point desktop computer Device Manager dial-up modem digital data digital signals digital television digitizer DIMM direct burial cable direct thermal printing direct-lit Discoverable Mode dish antenna Disk Management display burn-in DisplayPort DisplayPort MST distributed file systems docking docking station DOCSIS dot matrix printer DP Alt Mode DPI draft mode driver driver control driver issues driver signing drop line DSL DSL modem DSL signal DSL splitter DSLAM DSSS Dual In-line Memory Module dual SIM Dual-Channel dual-link dual-slot duplex duplex scanning duplexer DVD DVD-R DVD-RW DVD+R DVD+RW DVI DVI-A DVI-D DVI-I eARC ECC ECC vs. non-ECC RAM edge-lit EDID EIRP electromagnetic field electromagnetic interference electromagnetic resonance (EMR) sensor electromagnetic resonance stylus Electronic Industries Alliance embedded MultiMediaCard embedded systems EMI eMMC Ephemeris Data EPS eSATA ESD ESD precautions eSIM Ethernet Ethernet cable Ethernet jack Ethernet surge protector eUICC EXPO external 2.5-inch hard drives F-type failover fan curve fault tolerance feed assembly feed rollers feeder FHSS fiber field devices field-replaceable unit (FRU)FireWire firmware flash management flash memory Flex Cable form factor Fortinet FortiGate frequency-division multiplexing Fresnel zone friction feed front-panel audio header full backup full-array fully modular power supply fuser gap sensing GB/s Gbps GDI printer general-purpose server Gigabit Ethernet gigabits per second gigabytes per second GPS GPU graphics tablet grayscale ground station GSM HBA HBA mode HDCP HDD HDMI HDR headset Healthcare IoT heat sink high-refresh high-voltage contacts HMI hot spare hot-swap HSM HSPA+Human Interface Devices (HID)Hyper-Threading hypervisor I/O IC ICCID IDC IEEE IEEE 802.3af IEEE 802.3at iGPU imaging drum impact printer in-plane switching inductive charging industrial control systems Industrial IoT (IIoT)infrared depth mapping ink cartridge inkjet printer Intel VT-d internet appliance internet connection type inverter IOMMU IOPS IoT IP phone IPS glow IR emitter ITX J-mount ka-band Kensington security slot ku-band KVM switch large data transfers laser printer latency LCD LED LED backlight LED indicators legacy device legacy systems legacy USB support LGA LGA 1200 LGA 1700 light pulses Lightning connector line in line of sight line out line quality liquid cooling liquid crystals Lithium-ion Lithium-Ion Polymer (Li-Po) Batteries LNB (Low-Noise Block Downconverter)load balancer Local loop logical volume loopback plug loose terminations LPDDR LPDDR2 LPDDR3 LPDDR4 LPDDR5 M.2 M.2 drive MAC address Magnetic Field mAh mainframe computers managed switch management interface Max theoretical speed megabits per second memory memory channel memory controller memory effect MFD MFP MHF connector MHz MIC mic in micro-SIM Micro-USB microATX microphone array microphone module microSD Microsoldering milliampere-hour MIMO Mini DisplayPort connector Mini PCIe mini PCs Mini-LED Mini-USB mirroring mmWave Mobile Hotspot MoCA filter modem modem-router modular keyboards modular power supply modulated signal Molex connector Molex-to-SATA power monochrome Mopria motherboard mSATA MSDS MT/s MU-MIMO multi-feed multi-gigabit speeds multifunction device multimode fiber multipart paper Multipath Errors multipoint connectivity multisocket motherboard N+1 redundancy NAND NAND flash memory nano-SIM NAS native driver native resolution neighborhood cabinets Nest network cabling network device network interface network printer network printing network switch network tap networking devices NFC NIC Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries nits noise cancellation non-modular power supply Non-Removable (Internal) Battery non-volatile memory NVMe NVMe SSD OEM OFDM OLED Optical Clear Adhesive (OCA)optical equipment optical resolution optical sensor optical signals OTG (On-The-Go)outdoor-rated Ethernet output rails Package-on-Package palm rejection panel antenna paper gap adjustment parity partial array self-refresh partition patch cable patch panel PCB PCI PCI Express PCIe PCIe auxiliary power connectors PCIe slot PCIEX1 PCIEX16 PCL PCL 5 PCL 6 PCs PD PDL PDU Peer-to-Peer Mode performance bottleneck PGA Phased-array antenna phone line pickup rollers pigment-based ink pinout pixel density platen PLC plenum cable plug-and-play PoE PoE injector PoE switch PoE+pointing stick poor-quality cords PoP port replicator portable SSDs POS POST PostScript Printer Description power cycling power efficiency Power Good power level Power over Ethernet predictive maintenance pressure sensitivity print job print layer print path print port print queue print server print settings printer calibration printer driver printer maintenance kit printer memory printer pooling printer share name printer web page printhead privacy shutter provider facilities prox card PS_ON PS/2 PSE PSU PSU connectors PUK punchdown block punchdown tool PWM qam QPSK QR code quad-channel quadrature amplitude modulation radio communication radio links radio waves Radio-Frequency Identification RAID RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 10 RAID 5 RAID 6 RAID controller rain fade RAM RAW printing RDIMM read/write head Reader/Writer Mode reallocated sectors rear I/O redundancy redundant power supply refresh rate region code Removable Battery resistive touch screen RF RFID RG-59 RG6 RGB RISC RJ11 RJ45 router RPM RS-232 RSSI RTU S.M.A.R.T.S/PDIF SAN SAS SATA SATA data SATA data cable SATA III SATA power Satellite satellite dish Satellite Geometry satellite links satellite modem SC connector SCADA SCADA server scaling screen resolution SD SDHC SDHC-only device SDXC sector radios Secure Boot Secure Element Secure Enclave semi-modular power supply Sensor Fusion sensor grid separation pads Serial cables serial signaling server SFP SFX shared printing shared-bus signal bars SIM SIM card simultaneous multithreading single point of failure single-channel single-link single-pass duplex ADF single-slot SiP smart card SMT SNR SoC SODIMM software RAID soldered memory sound cards Speed Class spindle speed spudgers SSD SSP standoffs static pressure status feedback storage Stratum 0 Stratum 2 Stratum 3 striping subpixels surge protection sustained read/write SVM Mode switch swollen battery System-in-Package T1 T2 T568A T568B Tachometer TDR tear bar Telecommunications Industry Association telecommunications room telephone company facilities television signals test jack thermal coating thermal pads thermal paper thermal paste thermal printer thermal runaway thermal throttling thermal transfer printing thin client throughput Thunderbolt Thunderbolt 1 Thunderbolt 2 Thunderbolt 3 Thunderbolt 4 TIA/EIA-568 tilt detection Time to First Fix Timing Advance TN toner toner cartridge TOSLINK touch layer touchpad Tower Density TPM TPM 2.0 tractor-feed transfer roller transparency mode Trilateration TRIM TRRS TV tuner Type-B U.2 U.FL connector UDIMM UEFI UEFI update UHS ratings UNII-1 UNII-2A UNII-3 Universal Flash Storage Universal Print Drivers unmanaged switch UPS uptime USB USB 2.0 USB 2.0-grade cable USB 3.0 USB 3.1 Gen 2 USB 3.2 USB 3.x USB flash drive USB pass-through USB ports USB Tethering USB-A USB-C USB-C Alt Mode USB-C OTG adapter USB-C Power Delivery USB-to-Ethernet USB-to-serial adapter USB4 UTM UTP VA VAC very small aperture terminal VGA video capture video cards Video Class viewing angle virtual CPU virtual disk virtualization virtualization host virtualization support VM sprawl voice assistant integration voice device voltage regulator VPN Concentrator VRAM VRM vsat VT-x wall plates WatchGuard Firebox watt-hour wattage rating Wear Leveling Count webcam Wh whole-house splitter Wi-Fi analyzer wiring closet WLAN module workstation write-back cache write-protect switch write-through mode WWAN card x1 x16 x4 x64 x8 x86 XMP Yagi antenna zero client ZIF

Networking367

.app 110 block 2.4 GHz band 2G 3G 4G 5G 66 block 802.11 802.11ac 802.11ax 802.11n A record A-GPS AAAA record ACK ACMA ADSL ADSL2+AFC AFP Alternative A Alternative B always-on VPN Angled Physical Contact API APIPA APN ARP authoritative name server Auto-MDI-X auto-negotiation backhaul band steering bandwidth bandwidth usage beamforming Bluetooth pairing bridged networking broadband internet broadcast domain broadcast traffic bufferbloat CalDAV captive portal CardDAV Cat6 Category 7a CDMA CDMA2000 Cell ID cellular network channel bonding CIFS cisco ios client request client-server model CMG CMP CMR CNAME record CO computer networks CRC errors crossover cable Data cap data packets datagram default gateway destination port destination unreachable DFS dhclient DHCP DHCP exclusion DHCP lease DHCP relay DHCP reservation DHCP scope DHCP server DHCP starvation DHCPACK DHCPDISCOVER DHCPNAK DHCPOFFER DHCPREQUEST dial-up dig DNS DNS cache DNS hierarchy DNS over HTTPS DNS over TLS DNS propagation DNS resolution DNS server DOCSIS 3.0 DOCSIS 3.1 DORA downstream DSL filter dual standby duplex mismatch Dynamic IP Addressing egress email traffic Ethernet frame ETSI External vSwitch Fast Ethernet FC connector FCC fiber internet Fiber-optic cable file server five-tuple fixed wireless FTP FTTB FTTC (Fiber-to-the-Curb)FTTH FTTN FTTP (Fiber-to-the-Premises)FTTx (Fiber-to-the-x)gateway geostationary orbit GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network)guest network handover HEAD header analysis host-only networking hostname hotspot HSPA HTTP HTTP status codes hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC)ICMP IMAP IMEI IMSI ingress Internal vSwitch internet protocol networks IP ip address IP configuration IP header IP-based virtual hosting ipconfig ipconfig /release IPP (Internet Printing Protocol)IPv4 IPv6 ISP jitter keystone jack LAN Layer 2 LC connector leased lines legacy networks LEO load balancing algorithm LoRaWAN LTE LTE data LTE-Advanced MAC MAC address table MAC filtering MAC learning MAN mapped drive master terminal unit Mbps MDA mesh networking metered connection Metered Wi-Fi Metro Ethernet millimeter wave MPLS MST MTA MTU multicast MX record NAT neighborhood congestion NetBIOS NetBT netsh network discovery network layer network operations center network outage network path Network Policies network profile Network Technology next hop NFS NFSv4 NID noc NR nslookup NTP NTP Pool Project OFDMA OLT (Optical Line Terminal)ONT OSI model PAC packet data packet filtering packet loss PAN PAN Profile Passive optical splitter PC connector peer-to-peer ping point-to-multipoint point-to-point Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet PON (Passive Optical Network)POP3 port 9100 port configuration port flapping port forwarding port mirroring port number port security POTS powered devices PPP PPPoE private IP address Private vSwitch PRL protocol analyzer provider's data network proxy server PTR record public IP address public network PXE QoS Quality of Service radio access network RADIUS recursive DNS resolver regulatory domain remote display protocol roaming rogue DHCP server root DNS server root zone routing routing protocols routing table rural broadband installs satellite internet SC/APC SDSL Second-Level Domains share name simplex single-mode fiber SMB SMB 3.0 SMTP SNMP SNTP SOHO source port SPF record SPICE SSID ST connector STARTTLS Static IP Addressing STP straight-through cable Stratum 1 Stratum 15 Stratum 16 sub-6 GHz Subdomains subnet subnet mask superscope Symmetric DSL SYN SYN-ACK syslog server TCP TCP header TCP port 1433 TCP/IP telnet Tethering TFTP three-way handshake time.apple.com time.google.com time.windows.com TLD TLD server toner probe traceroute tracert traffic management traffic segmentation transport layer TTL twisted pair TXT record U-NII UDP UDP header UDP port 123 Ultra Physical Contact UMTS UNC path UNII-2C UNII-5 UNII-6 UNII-7 UNII-8 UPnP upstream VDSL VDSL2 Very-high-bit-rate DSL Virtual LAN virtual switch VLAN VM vNIC VoIP VoLTE VPN vSwitch wake-on-LAN wall jack WAN Web Proxy Auto-Discovery protocol Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi calling Wi-Fi Direct WiMAX WINS WISP WLAN workgroup WPAD WWAN XGS-PON Z-Wave Zigbee zone file

Operating Systems112

.deb .rpm Active Directory ADMIN$APFS APT (Advanced Package Tool)boot record bootloader BSOD C$chkdsk chrony clean installation Control Panel CUPS Disk Cleanup DISM DNF event viewer exFAT ext4 Failover clustering FAT32 Finder force stop GPT Group Policy Group Policy Editor GRUB hibernate host kernel image deployment in-place upgrade init system iPadOS ipconfig /all journalctl kernel kernel driver kiosk mode Legacy BIOS Linux Local Users and Groups local0 login script Low Data Mode macOS macOS Dock MBR md / mkdir Media Feature Pack MMC mount command multiboot nano net use NTFS ntpd Operating System OS image partition table PDC Emulator PowerShell print processor process ID recovery partition ReFS reimage repair installation Resource Monitor restore point rmdir / rd RSR Safe Mode Server Manager sfc Spotlight Startup Repair sudo syslog daemon syslog internal system daemons System Restore systemctl systemd systemd-timesyncd Task Manager Task Scheduler time drift troubleshooting methodology Type 3 (User Mode)Type 4 (v4)uname unix UPN User Account Control user profile user-level VHD VHDX vi VMware ESXi W32Time Windows Windows editions Windows Memory Diagnostic Windows Recovery Environment Windows Registry winver xcopy Xen XFS

Programming18

batch file C#HTML Java JavaScript JSON managed runtime Node.js operators PHP programming languages PUT Python Ruby shell script state table UTF-8 Windows API

Security180

2FA 3D facial recognition 802.1X AAA ABAC access control list account lockout admin permissions administrator account advanced encryption standard adware aes anti-malware antivirus app password application control at-rest encryption attachment scanning audit logs AUP Authentication Authorization BEC Biometric Authentication BIOS password BitLocker blacklist browser extension brute force attacks CA CAC CCPA certificate warning Certificate-Based Authentication chain of custody CIS Cisco Email Security compliance checks Conditional access content filtering cybersecurity data exfiltration data retention DDoS defense in depth denial of service device posture directory traversal DKIM DKIM record DLP DMARC DMARC record DNS hijacking DNS spoofing DNS tunneling DNSSEC DoH DoT drive shredding EAP-TLS EDR EFS Encryption Policies federated identity file hashing Firewall FRT full wipe full-disk encryption Gatekeeper GDPR hardware token HIPAA HMAC-based One-Time Passwords HOTP HTTPS identity provider Identity synchronization IDS/IPS in-transit encryption incident response IPS jailbreak detection jailbreaking KDC Kerberos local account malware man-in-the-middle attack mantraps MDM MDR MFA Microsoft account Microsoft Defender Antivirus Microsoft Defender for Office 365 Microsoft Entra ID Mimecast monlist command NDA network security next-generation firewall NIST NTFS permissions NTP amplification attacks OAuth offboarding OTP Pass-through authentication Passkey Password hash synchronization password manager Password-Based Authentication Patch Tuesday permission inheritance permissions PGP phishing PII PIV principle of least privilege Proofpoint public-key cryptography PUP ransomware RBAC Read & Execute reputation filtering rogue access point root detection rule base S/MIME sandboxing screen lock secure print security information and event management selective wipe sender authentication SFTP Sharing permissions shoulder surfing siem signature databases SonicWall Sophos UTM spam spam gateway SPF spoofing SQL injection SSH SSL SSL/TLS certificate SSO standard user account stateful packet inspection TACACS+TGT time-based attack vectors Time-based One-Time Passwords TLS Token-Based Authentication TOTP trojan two-factor authentication user permissions virtual TPM virus VM escape vulnerabilities vulnerability Windows Firewall Windows Hello WPA WPA2 WPA2/WPA3-Enterprise WPA3 XDR XSS

Software100

.dmg .msi ActiveSync Apache HTTP Server APK (Android Package Kit)application virtualization ARC audio codec autodiscover backend server backend system Caddy CM CMDB codec Configuration profile connection string connector app container runtime CSV Data Saver differential backup directory indexes distributed systems DLL document root elastic stack emulation end-of-life escalation EULA Exchange ActiveSync FastCGI feature update file synchronization geofencing GFS Global Address List (GAL)Google Workspace graylog Hyper-V image layer insert mode iOS ISO JPEG knowledge base known folder backup LDAP LiteSpeed lock contention machine learning mail server management agent Microsoft 365 Microsoft IIS middleware mod_php MUA Nginx OCR onboarding One-way sync PDF PDF/A PNG PostScript Presence status print spooler Push synchronization RDP RMM robocopy rollback plan rsyslog rsyslog.conf screen sharing service-level agreement shared clipboard SharePoint Sideload SOP splunk static content syslog syslog-ng ticketing system TIFF Time Machine Two-way sync Type 2 hypervisor Version history virtual hosting VirtualBox VMDK voice assistants web server windows event collector windows event forwarding Xcode

Storage and I/O1

write layer

Tools1

vim